Understanding Puberty
- Definition: Puberty is the natural process where the body transforms from childhood to adulthood.
- Timing: It varies for everyone. Some may start as early as age 8, while others may begin later, around 12 or 13.
- Changes: Both boys and girls experience changes, but these changes make them look increasingly different as they develop
Physical Changes
- Growth Spurts: Rapid increases in height and weight are common.
- Hair Growth:
- Boys and girls develop body hair in new areas, such as underarms and the pubic region.
- Boys may grow facial and chest hair as well.
- Voice Changes: Boys experience voice deepening as their voice box enlarges.
- Body Shape:
- Girls: Breast development, hips widening.
- Boys: Broader shoulders, increased muscle mass.
Reproductive System Development:
Girls start menstruating, signaling the onset of reproductive capability.
Boys experience growth in genitalia and frequent erections due to hormonal changes.
Hormonal and Emotional Changes
Role of Hormones: Hormones like estrogen (for girls) and testosterone (for boys) trigger these physical and emotional changes.
Emotions: Hormonal fluctuations can lead to mood swings, confusion, and heightened emotional sensitivity.
Stabilization: Hormones generally balance out by the late teens or early twenties.
Personal Hygiene
Increased Sweating: Sweat glands become more active, often causing body odor.
Solutions: Regular showers and deodorant use are recommended.
Skin Care: Acne can occur due to increased oil production; washing the face regularly helps
Hygiene Practices:
Brushing teeth twice daily.
Using sanitary products for menstruation (girls) and changing them regularly.
Menstrual Cycle (For Girls)
Overview: Monthly periods are a natural and normal part of growing up.
Cycle Components: Hormonal changes throughout the month lead to ovulation and menstruation.
Hygiene Tips: Proper use and regular changing of sanitary pads are crucial.
Emotional and Mental Well-being
Healthy Lifestyle:
- Nutrition: Balanced diets with fruits, vegetables, and proteins support growth.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity builds strength and boosts mood.
- Sleep: Rest is essential for growth and emotional stability.
- Self-Esteem:
- Encouragement to embrace individuality and avoid comparing oneself to others.
- Promotes the use of positive language to foster confidence.
Understanding Boundaries and Safety
- Private Parts: Areas covered by a swimsuit are considered private.
- Body Autonomy: The mantra “Your body, your rules” reinforces the idea that individuals control who touches them and how.
Safe vs. Unsafe Touches:
- Safe: Family hugs, high-fives, or medical check-ups with trusted adults present.
- Unsafe: Any touch that makes one feel uncomfortable or involves private areas.
By Dr. Bernice Lim Pei-Yi, Consultant Paediatrician